Mar 29, 2024  
2021-2022 Undergraduate Catalog 
    
2021-2022 Undergraduate Catalog [ARCHIVED CATALOG]

Course Descriptions


 

Political Science

  
  • POL 3171 - Music and Politics

    Credits: 4
    This course explores how music has been used as a means of expressing political will and as a political tool over history and throughout the world. We will study the use of protest music by those challenging political institutions as well as how political actors have treated music as a political tool. We will look at the political dynamics that gave rise to and found expression in particular genres of music and also consider questions of censorship and government control of music.
    Cross-Listed: FAA3171
    Fulfills: D in LS Core area requirements, AL or SOSC in LS Core course requirements.
  
  • POL 3520 - Modern China

    Credits: 4
    An examination of the development of modern China since 1840. Internal and foreign policies will be covered with an emphasis on the period since the 1949 revolution.
    Fulfills: SOSC and D in LS Core.
    Note: This course may be offered as writing intensive and if so, would fulfill the W in LS Core.
  
  • POL 3525 - Politics of the Middle East

    Credits: 4
    This course examines the historical events and driving forces of politics in the Middle East, including colonialism, Arab nationalism, Islamism, sectarianism, and economic development, to understand their origins and importance in the region. The course will also look in-depth at the political, economic, and social structures of individual countries in order to understand how they are grappling with the challenges of terrorism, instability, economic growth, and democratization today.  
    Prerequisite(s): POL 1500   or faculty consent.
    Fulfills: SOSC and D in LS Core.
    Note: This course may be offered as writing intensive and if so, would fulfill the W in LS Core.
  
  • POL 3530 - Democracy, Development and Violence

    Credits: 4
    This course examines existing theories organized in three major themes within the study of comparative politics. Topics include the functioning of political systems in established democracies, the causes and consequences of democratization, economic development, political violence and ethnic or civil war. Qualitative and quantitative approaches will be used to assess and critique the current state of knowledge in each area.
    Prerequisite(s): POL 1500 .
    Fulfills: SOSC in LS Core.
  
  • POL 3531 - Politics of Developing Nations

    Credits: 4
    This course is a general survey of the political, economic, and social challenges faced by developing countries.  Case studies are used to examine difficult, often controversial issues such as poverty, underdevelopment, democracy, human rights, and corruption.
    Fulfills: SOSC in LS Core.
  
  • POL 3540 - International Political Economy

    Credits: 4
    This course examines how politics and economics come together in international relations and global problems. It explores why nations trade with each other and why they sometimes practice trade protectionism. It also probes the growing importance of regional economic blocks, such as the European Union and the United States-Mexico-Canda Agreement (USMCA). Other topics include the rise and decline of American economic hegemony, and global trade conflicts. The course also surveys economic reforms in the former Soviet Union and China as well as causes of underdevelopment in the developing world.
    Fulfills: SOSC in LS Core.
  
  • POL 3541 - Cyber Security: The Intersection of Technology and Policy

    Credits: 4

    This course examines the cyber security challenges at the intersection of technology and policy. It tackles key issues for cyberspace and international relations, such as the sovereignty of states in the cyber domain, borders and boundaries in cyberspace, cyber as a public good versus private entity, and the domestic and international agreements for governing cyberspace. The course also explores the fundamental tension between freedom and security that is driving both innovation and legislation in cyberspace, drawing upon current examples in the US and beyond.  
    Fulfills: SOSC requirement in LS core.

  
  • POL 3600 - Special Topics

    Credits: 4


    This course will address contemporary issues in Political Science.  The course may be taken on different topics multiple times for credit.

     

  
  • POL 4599 - Issues and Cases in United States Foreign Policy

    Credits: 4
    Using the case method of interactive learning, the course examines and compares decisions made in three different policy environments  - from the immediate post Cold War period, through the 9/11 period, and into the current period - to stimulate discussion and analysis of the interplay of conservative and adaptive forces in United States foreign policy.
    Fulfills: SOSC and W in LS Core
    Note: This course is offered as writing intensive and fulfills the W in LS core
     
  
  • POL 4700 - Directed Study

    Credits: Variable
    In lieu of a formal course, qualified upper class students may substitute an intensive program of reading and writing under the direction of a member of the department.
    Prerequisite(s): Minimum 3.00 GPA and permission of instructor.
    Fulfills: X in LS Core
  
  • POL 4800 - Senior Seminar

    Credits: 4
    This course is required for all Political Science majors.  It is designed to be flexible and relevant to your own particular interests and path.  We will cover basic aspects of the discipline of Political Science and your own studies.  The course is built around an independent research project designed to integrate and build on your training and developed interests.   Finally, we will also engage in job and future academic career preparation. This course may also be taken by International Studies majors to fulfil their major requirements. It is recommended that Political Science majors take POL 1100 before enrolling in this course. All students must have taken POL 1500 and POL 2000 to register.  
    Prerequisite(s):  POL 1500  and POL 2000  .  All students must have senior standing or permission of the instructor. 
  
  • POL 4851 - Public Service Summer Internship

    Credits: 4
    Public Service placements include government agencies/offices in the legislative, executive and judicial branches at either the national, state or local levels of government.  Other acceptable placements include non-profits, non-governmental organizations (NGOs), and in certain cases, placements could include private business organizations with appropriate governmental or public affairs activities.  Students must work in the field at least an average of 15 hours per week for eight weeks, totaling 120 hours. In addition, students will work individually through email with the internship Director to produce a 10-12 page reflective research paper on a topic related to the internship experience.
    Prerequisite(s): Permission from the instructor.
    Fulfills: X in LS Core
    When Offered: Summer
  
  • POL 4852 - Public Service Fall or Spring Internship

    Credits: 4

    Public Service placements include government agencies/offices in the legislative, executive and judicial branches at either the national, state or local levels of government.  Other acceptable placements include non-profits, non-governmental organizations (NGOs), and in certain cases, placements could include private business organizations with appropriate governmental or public affairs activities. Students must work in the field at least an average of 10-12 hours per week for 12 weeks, for a minimum of 120 hours in the field.  In addition, students will work individually with the Internship Director to produce a 10-12 page reflective research paper on a topic related to the internship experience.  
    Prerequisite(s): Permission from the instructor.
    Fulfills: X in LS Core.
    When Offered: Fall or Spring


Psychology

  
  • PSY 1000 - Introduction to Psychology

    Credits: 4
    Provides a general overview of the wide-ranging field of psychology. Students will explore major concepts and issues in the study of human thinking, feeling, and acting. These include biological foundations of behavior and experience, how people learn and develop, how individuals perceive the world, individual differences in behavior, social influence and social relations, the difference between normative and non-normative behavior, and approaches to therapy.
    Prerequisite(s): This course is a prerequisite for all other courses in psychology.
    Fulfills: SOSC requirement in LS core.
  
  • PSY 1100 - Psychological Inquiry and Methodology

    Credits: 4
    Analysis of the varied ways psychologists ask and answer questions about the nature of psychological processes. Focuses on research philosophy, qualitative and quantitative methodology, as well as the development of critical reading and writing skills. This course should be taken as the first course after PSY 1000  by all majors, as it is designed to serve as a foundation for advanced courses in psychology.
    Prerequisite(s): PSY 1000 .
    Note: This may be offered as writing intensive and would fulfill the W in LS Core.
  
  • PSY 1111 - Professional Development in Psychology

    Credits: 1
    This course is designed to help students understand the various professions and career opportunities within psychology and related fields. Students will also gain a better understanding of the resources within the psychology department and across Merrimack College. Students will learn to communicate and interact in a professional manner in order to achieve and be successful in their career choice. This class will also focus on selecting the right courses, using on-campus resources to explore career options, build a resume, and develop an identity within psychology.
    Prerequisite(s): freshman or sophomore standing.
  
  • PSY 1112 - Professional Development in Psychology

    Credits: 1
    This course is designed to help students understand the various professions and career opportunities within psychology and related fields. Students will also gain a better understanding of the resources within the psychology department and across Merrimack College. Students will learn to communicate and interact in a professional manner in order to achieve and be successful in their career choice. This class also focuses on off-campus opportunities to explore career options, resume building, determining their next steps after completing their degree, and developing a personal identity and professional goals using their psychology degree.
    Prerequisite(s): junior or senior standing.
  
  • PSY 1320 - Psychology of Identity and Purpose

    Credits: 4
    Application of psychological principles to the development of identity and purpose in young adulthood. Emphasizes the processes associated with healthy development in emerging adulthood and the implications of cultivating purpose in life. Topics include explorations in work, service, and purpose and their impact on well-being. Explores theory and empirical research.
    Fulfills: SOSC requirement in LS Core.
  
  • PSY 2100 - Applied Psychological Research Methods

    Credits: 4
    Analysis of the varied  ways psychologists ask and answer questions about the nature of the psychological processes.  Focus will be on research philosophy, qualitative and quantitative methodology, as they pertain to applied, real world questions.
  
  • PSY 2110 - Statistical Methods in Psychology

    Credits: 4
    Introduction to analysis of data in psychology. Emphasis on the logic, use, and interpretation of inferential statistics, including the following: correlation and regression, single-sample and two-sample t-tests, analysis of variance and chi square.
    Prerequisite(s): PSY 1100  and MTH 1000  or MTH 1007   or placing out of MTH1000 or MTH1007  on the math placement test.
    Fulfills: Q in LS Core.
  
  • PSY 2200 - Social Psychology

    Credits: 4
    Emphasizes the centrality of social context in our psychological processes. Explores how people think about, influence and relate to each other.
    Prerequisite(s): PSY 1000 .
    Fulfills: SOSC requirement in LS Core.
  
  • PSY 2240 - Sports Psychology

    Credits: 4
    Examines empirical research and theory on the physical and psychological behaviors as well as the mental training components necessary to achieve peak sport performance. Explores the physical, affective, and cognitive consequences of competitive sport participation, including the psychological factors that influence sport performance, methods for enhancing sport performance, and the negative consequences of becoming an elite athlete.
  
  • PSY 2270 - Group Dynamics

    Credits: 4
    Examines the psychological dynamics of groups, mainly in work settings, including understanding the cohesion and development of groups (e.g., learning, satisfaction, commitment), interpersonal processes and relationships that occur between group members as they work together (e.g., information sharing, competition and conflict, conformity) and motivational factors that influence group performance (e.g., groupthink, social facilitation). Explores past and present empirical research and theory.
    Prerequisite(s): PSY 1000 .
  
  • PSY 2280 - Organizational Psychology

    Credits: 4
    Application of psychological principles to the world of work. Emphasizes the organization as a complex social system. Applied topics include the selection, training, and evaluation of personnel. Theoretical issues include motivation, leadership, group dynamics, and organizational structure.
    Prerequisite(s): PSY 1000 .
    Fulfills: SOSC requirement in LS Core.
  
  • PSY 2300 - Developmental Psychology

    Credits: 4
    Introduction to theory and research related to the development of psychological processes from infancy to adulthood. Analyzes the concept of development, the nature-nurture issue and the epigenetic nature of human development. Also examines cognitive, social, and personality development in their social and cultural contexts.
    Prerequisite(s): PSY 1000 .
    Fulfills: SOSC requirement in LS Core.
    Note: Studens who have already received credit for PSY 2310  cannot receive credit for PSY2300.
  
  • PSY 2310 - Lifespan Developmental Psychology

    Credits: 4
    Explores the development of a typical human being from conception to death. Investigates patterns of change in biology, cognition, personality, social interaction, and relationships that take place throughout the lifespan. Considers several conceptual issues including progression and regression, health and illness, normality and abnormality. Note that students who have already received credit for PSY 2300  cannot receive credit for PSY 2310.
    Fulfills: SOSC requirement in LS Core.
  
  • PSY 2400 - Personality

    Credits: 4
    Introduces classical and contemporary thinking on the concept of ‘personality’. Explores the contributions of several important theoretical frameworks in personality theory including psychoanalysis, phenomenology, trait theory, and learning.
    Prerequisite(s): PSY 1000 .
    Fulfills: SOSC requirement in LS Core.
  
  • PSY 2420 - Psychology of Sex Differences

    Credits: 4
    Examination of the development and psychological meaning of personality differences between men and women. Emphasizes character development, sense of self and interpersonal relationships from early childhood through adolescence and adulthood. Prerequisite: PSY1000.  Satisfies a Social Science distribution requirement. Fulfills a SOSC requirement in LS Core. Three hours a week.
    Prerequisite(s): PSY1000
    Fulfills: Social science requirement in LS Core
  
  • PSY 2430 - Forensic Psychology

    Credits: 4


    In this course students will be introduced to the key areas of forensic psychology and explore the research and theories of modern forensic psychology. Students will learn the methods used by forensic psychologists including the scientific knowledge that clinical psychologists bring to the courtroom when they testify about such topics as insanity, competency to stand trial, child custody decision-making, future dangerousness, and civil commitment. Students will identify the elements involved in false confessions, eyewitness memory, juvenile offenders, sexual offenders, domestic violence and stalking. We will discuss how to understand the
    criminal mind from the perspective of a forensic psychologist.

     
    Prerequisite(s): PSY 1000  

  
  • PSY 2470 - The Psychology of Trauma

    Credits: 4
    Explores the psychology of trauma and human resilience. This course explores the range of posttraumatic reactions to a variety of situations as they affect cognitive, emotional, somatic and interpersonal aspects of functioning. Students will be exposed to an overview of the etiology of and prevailing theories about PTSD. Factors contributing to the resilience to trauma as well as societal, cultural, and historical influences on views of trauma will also be discussed.
    Prerequisite(s): PSY 1000 .
  
  • PSY 2520 - Mindfulness and Mindfulness Based Interventions

    Credits: 4
    This course will give students the tools necessary to evaluate the practice of mindfulness and the research evidence regarding mindfulness based interventions.  Through direct practice and a series of informal and formal written assignments, classroom discussion, presentations, and other activities, students will learn about mindfulness, contemplative practices, and the research evidence regarding the utility of interventions based on these practices.  Please note: This class requires several hours of independent mindfulness and mindfulness meditation practice.  Students must be willing to engage in such practice to enroll in this course.  
    Prerequisite(s): PSY1000
  
  • PSY 2600 - Psychology of Happiness

    Credits: 4
    Examination of the major issues, theories, and findings in the psychological study of positive emotions and experience (Positive Psychology). Emphasis is on the scientific investigation of such topics as the nature of happiness and well-being, psychological flow, savoring, love, optimism, resilience, character strengths and virtues, and the meaningful life.
  
  • PSY 3100 - Cognition

    Credits: 4
    Examines the major empirical and theoretical work on human information processing.  Focuses on basic processing including sensory storage, pattern recognition, attention and memory.  Also addresses complex cognitive processed including language, problem solving and decision making.
    Prerequisite(s): PSY 1000  or PSY 2100  
  
  • PSY 3120 - Cognitive Psychology

    Credits: 4
    Examines major empirical and theoretical work on human information processing. Focuses on basic processes including sensory storage, pattern recognition, attention and memory. Also addresses complex cognitive processes including language, problem solving and decision making. Laboratory work will demonstrate principles discussed in class.
    Prerequisite(s): PSY 1100 . Prerequisite that may be taken simultaneously: PSY 2110 .
    Fulfills: SOSC requirement in LS Core.
    This course has separate lecture and laboratory components.
  
  • PSY 3150 - Behavioral Neuroscience

    Credits: 4
    Examines the relationship between the neurophysiology of the brain and cognition. Topics include the neurophysiology of vision, touch, learning, memory, sleep, mental illness, hemispheric functions, and consciousness. The role of neuronal plasticity in altering brain structure and function after injury or learning is given special emphasis. Lab work will demonstrate principles discussed in class.
    Prerequisite(s): PSY 1100  and BIO 1106 .
    Corequisite(s): PSY 2110  or permission of instructor.
    Fulfills: SOSC requirement in LS Core.
    This course has separate lecture and laboratory components.
  
  • PSY 3250 - Cultural Psychology

    Credits: 4
    Analyzes current theories and research on culture, race and ethnicity; and explores the ways in which the individual, social relations and culture mutually constitute each other. The course analyzes the rich interconnections between language and culture, and the role of culture in the construction of self and higher-order psychological processes. Students will examine cultural groups within and outside of the United States. Also includes consideration of cultural issues in the interpretation of personal experience and the role of cultural diversity in contemporary society.  
    Prerequisite(s): PSY 1000 .
    Fulfills: SOSC requirement and D in LS Core. Satisfies the Social Relations requirement for Psychology majors.
  
  • PSY 3340 - Developmental Psychopathology

    Credits: 4
    Explores psychological disorders that affect children. Topics include depression, autism, suicide, hyperactivity, and learning disabilities. Also investigates treatment modalities and theories of etiology.
    Prerequisite(s): PSY 1000 .
    Fulfills: SOSC requirement in LS Core.
  
  • PSY 3380 - Psychology of Aging

    Credits: 4
    Investigation of the major issues, theories, and findings in the psychological study of aging. Topics are organized around the themes of the psychosocial context of aging, cognitive aspects of aging, problems of aging, and positive aspects of aging. Emphasis is on current research findings, placed in the historical and theoretical contexts of contemporary psychology.
    Prerequisite(s): PSY 1000 .
    Fulfills: SOSC requirement in LS Core.
  
  • PSY 3410 - Abnormal Psychology

    Credits: 4
    Formerly: Adult Psychopathology
    The purpose of this course is to provide students with an introduction to abnormal psychology. Students will study psychological dysfunction that is associated with distress or impairment. Topics covered include serious mental illness as well as anxiety, stress, and personality disorders. Content is organized in accordance with the DSM-5 as part of an integrative approach that includes the interaction of biological, developmental, and social factors on the description, etiology, course and treatment of mental disorders.
    Prerequisite(s): PSY 1000 .
    Fulfills: SOSC requirement in LS Core.
  
  • PSY 3450 - Biological Bases of Abnormal Behavior

    Credits: 4
    Examines the anatomical basis of several neurological disorders and diseases. Investigates the neuroanatomical mechanisms through which diseases and disorders are thought to occur, as well as the diagnostic criteria and current treatments for each. Some of these disorders discussed will include: Autism, Sleep disorders (Insomnia, Narcolepsy), Neurodegenerative diseases (Parkinson’s, Alzheimer’s, Ataxia, Multiple Sclerosis), and neuropsychiatric disorders (Depression, Anxiety, Bipolar Disorder, OCD, ADHD, Schizophrenia, PTSD).
    Prerequisite(s): PSY 1000 ; BIO 1106  or PSY 3150 .
    Fulfills: SOSC requirement in LS Core.
  
  • PSY 3470 - Clinical Practice: Concepts and Skills in Professional Practice

    Credits: 4
    This course will introduce students to the fundamental skills required for clinical and counseling psychology. The purpose of this course is to develop students’ therapeutic knowledge and skills through classroom didactics. Students will learn and practice applied clinical skills and relate their use to psychological disorders. As part of this course, students will observe and role-play therapeutic skills and techniques and actively explore clinical concepts relevant to clinical practice. Upon successful completion of the course, students will have gained the foundational knowledge and proficiency in the core skills necessary for contemporary psychological clinical practice.
    Prerequisite(s): PSY 1000  and PSY 2400   or PSY 2470   or PSY PSY 3410  
  
  • PSY 4500 - Field Work in Financial and Mental Wellness Coaching

    Credits: 4


    This course is designed to provide students from all majors with the knowledge, skills, and practical experience necessary to become effective financial and mental wellness coaches. Students intern for a semester at the Financial Capability Center and upon successfully completing the academic, management, and service components of the course, earn a certificate in financial coaching. To be trained as coaches, students participate in faculty-led workshops where they learn mental wellness, personal finance, coaching, and cultural competences. After completing the training, students are matched with clients from our local non-profit partners.

    Student coaches offer financial capability workshops that provide clients with basic knowledge and skills, and one-on-one coaching sessions that help clients plan a path for realizing their own goals. Students are supported by faculty, staff, financial counselors, translators and industry expert volunteers. In addition to providing direct services to clients, teams of students support the Center with general management, data management, research, grant writing, outreach and marketing functions. Students dedicate approximately 15 hours per week to coaching and center support activities. 
    Prerequisite(s): PSY 1000  and either PSY 1111 or PSY 1112  
    Fulfills: X in LS Core

  
  • PSY 4700 - Selected Topics in Psychology

    Credits: 4
    An intensive, faculty-directed research-based course.
    Prerequisite(s): Junior/Senior, consent of the instructor.
  
  • PSY 4800 - Directed Study

    Credits: 1 - 4
    In lieu of a formal course, qualified advanced students may, with the approval of the department, substitute an intensive program of study under the direction of a faculty member.
    Prerequisite(s): PSY 1000 ; departmental approval.
  
  • PSY 4810 - Directed Research

    Credits: 4
    In lieu of a formal course, qualified advanced students may, with the approval of the department, substitute a research project under the direction of a faculty member.
    Prerequisite(s): PSY 1000 , departmental approval.
    Fulfills: X in LS Core
  
  • PSY 4900 - Psychology Seminar

    Credits: 4
    Senior capstone seminar on a special topic of the professor’s choosing. Students will read and discuss a series of primary and secondary texts and compose an integrative paper, written in APA format, related to the theme of the seminar.
    Prerequisite(s): Junior standing.
    Corequisite(s): PSY 3120  or PSY 3150  
  
  • PSY 4910 - Senior Thesis Research I

    Credits: 4
    A two-semester sequence of research and scholarship. May be started in the second semester of the junior year or in the first semester of the senior year.
    Prerequisite(s): PSY 1000 , departmental approval.
    Fulfills: X in LS Core
  
  • PSY 4915 - Senior Thesis Research II

    Credits: 4
    A two-semester sequence of research and scholarship. May be started in the second semester of the junior year or in the first semester of the senior year.
    Prerequisite(s): PSY 1000 , departmental approval.
    Fulfills: X in LS Core
  
  • PSY 4950 - Field Experience: Internship

    Credits: 4
    The course will support students in their work in a community setting (with a counseling or a psychology focus). The student will spend at least 10 hours per week at their internship and meet in a weekly seminar to gain clinical skills as well as examine the issues growing out of their experiences.  This course will engage students in learning applied clinical skills and relating their internship experiences to theories of human development, social policy, and clinical treatment.
    Prerequisite(s): PSY1000 and consent of the instructor.
    Fulfills: X in LS Core
  
  • PSY 4985 - Equine Assisted Therapy

    Credits: 4
    This course will provide a broad overview of Equine Assisted Therapy and Equine Assisted Learning. This course will provide the student with an opportunity to observe equine assisted therapies and learning in practice, as well as gain hands-on experience with equine assisted learning. Students in this class will work with clients as they are engaging in equine assisted classes. <b>Students must be comfortable working with and around horses</b>. Students will reflect on these experiences and discuss observed progress and difficulties with fellow classmates. They will also learn to critically evaluate empirical research on equine assisted practices, and will gain experience in research protocol design, as well as grant writing.
    Prerequisite(s): PSY 1000  
    Fulfills: X in LS Core

Religious and Theological Studies

  
  • RTS 1000 - Short Introduction to the Life and Thought of Saint Augustine

    Credits: 1
    Complements Religious Studies and Theology courses imported from other institutions that do not cover Saint Augustine, but otherwise qualify for the RTS general education requirement; can also be a general elective 1-crdit course.
    When Offered: Every semester
  
  • RTS 1001 - Introduction to Religious and Theological Studies

    Credits: 4
    The purpose of this course is to introduce students to the basic elements of the study of religion and theology. In this course we analyze dimensions and elements of religion in the context of diverse religious traditions using a variety of approaches. Special attention will be given to the Roman Catholic tradition and the contributions of St. Augustine.
    Fulfills: RTS in LS Core.
  
  • RTS 1010 - World Religions

    Credits: 4
    This course is an introduction to a variety of the world’s religious traditions, such as Buddhism, Hinduism, Indigenous Traditions, Christianity, Islam, and Taoism. We examine origins, beliefs, practices, sacred texts, and historical and cultural aspects. Special attention will be given to Christianity and Catholicism. We will also examine St. Augustine’s life and ideas using various sources.
    Fulfills: RTS in LS Core.
  
  • RTS 1050 - Quest for Meaning

    Credits: 4
    What is the meaning of life? Why am I here? What is my purpose? What constitutes a life well lived? Questions like these have plagued human beings for centuries. This course will examine a variety answers to the question, “What is the meaning of life?” Students will be exposed to a variety of religious and non-religious responses to this question and be asked to formulate their own answer to this question.
    Fulfills: RTS in LS Core.
  
  • RTS 1100 - Christianity in Context

    Credits: 4
    As an introduction to Christianity, this course will investigate a number of the contexts in which it began, in which it developed, and in which we find it today. Students will study Christianity in the historical contexts within the ancient world and of ancient Judaism, in the literary contexts of the Christian Bible and its interpretation, in the intellectual context of church history, and in contemporary global contexts. In keeping with the College’s Augustinian identity, mission, and vision, this course will also highlight the contributions of St. Augustine.
    Fulfills: RTS in LS Core.
  
  • RTS 1560 - Sports and Spirituality

    Credits: 4
    This course examines aspects of church history, the history of sport, philosophy, and Christian doctrine to develop a vision of sport and its relationship to Christianity. This will include an investigation of how a theology of sport can shed light on a wide range of ethical issues, including cheating and the use of performance enhancing drugs. Finally, and in keeping with the College’s Augustinian identity, mission, and vision, this course highlights the contributions of St. Augustine in order to see what lessons athletes (and sports fans) can learn from him.
    Fulfills: RTS in LS Core.
  
  • RTS 1610 - Doors to the Sacred

    Credits: 4
    Search for the manifestation of the transcendent sacred in Scripture; Liturgy and Sacraments; the writings of the Church Fathers, especially Augustine; the Medieval mystics; nature; Christian art, music, and literature; the history Christian love; and social justice; especially Catholic Social Teaching.
    Fulfills: RTS in LS Core.
  
  • RTS 1650 - Passages: Rituals and Sacred Texts of the Abrahamic Religions

    Credits: 4


    An introduction to the study of religion, theology, and interfaith studies, this course is framed by three questions: What is religion? How do religious communities and indivduals come into being and define themselves? How do words and acts, stories and practices, rituals and sacred texts contribute to forming one’s identity? This course explores actions, lived ritual practices, and sacred texts and scriptures of rites of passage that shape one’s identity within communities of the Abrahamic faiths: Judaism, Christianity, and Islam. The variance and diversity across and within these religions is considered, as well as the historical, social, and cultural contexts. In addition, the course considers the relationship between religions’ enacted beliefs and their integration into and contribution to ethical orientation and values, and examines shared values and commitments across religious traditions.

     
    Fulfills: RTS in LS Core

  
  • RTS 2100 - Judaism

    Credits: 4
    This course will examine how early themes in Judaism affected modern Judaism and how relations with other faith groups have influenced Judaism. In addition, there will be a discussion of some of the modern challenges facing Judaism and an exploration of certain aspects of the modern world that could affect the survival of the Jewish people. Finally, given the rapidly changing landscape of world religions and their influence on world politics, students will be asked to compare the teachings of Judaism with those of the two other Abrahamic faiths, Christianity and Islam.
    Fulfills: D in LS Core.
  
  • RTS 2150 - Islam

    Credits: 4
    An introductory study of Islam, a complex religious tradition founded by Mohammed and drawing adherents from all over the world. Studies the historical movement and the charismatic impact of the founder of Islam, ritual practices, theological issues expressed in the Holy Qur ‘an and supplemented by Hadith literature, the personal and communal life of the people, and the mystical sects such as the Sufis. Modern Islamic movements and trends studied to bring traditional Islam into a modern perspective.
    Fulfills: D in LS Core.
  
  • RTS 2200 - Introduction to Hebrew Scripture

    Credits: 4
    This course introduces students to the Hebrew Scriptures as history, story, and literature. The importance of this literature for religious communities (Jews, Christians and Muslims) as well as its influence on the Western literary imagination (from Shakespeare to Tolstoy and Faulkner) is difficult to overemphasize. The approach to study in this class is informed by historical-critical methods of scholarship; in addition other academic approaches will be welcomed, such as literary criticism, feminist criticism, liberation theology, socio-historical approaches, etc., especially when raised by students in the class.
    Fulfills: AL in LS Core.
  
  • RTS 2300 - Introduction to the New Testament

    Credits: 4
    This course is a critical, historical, literary, and historical study of the collection of Christian writings known as the New Testament. Attention will be given to the religious, cultural, and political background of the New Testament documents, their literary form, composition and religious significance, as well as the inspiration this collection of documents has provided for writers and artists of many ages.
    Fulfills: AL in LS Core.
  
  • RTS 2400 - Sex, Politics, Religion, and St. Augustine

    Credits: 4
    This course explores how the social, political and religious environment of 4th and 5th century North Africa influenced the development of Christianity. The life and thought of Augustine of Hippo shows how contemporary Catholic and Protestant teachings on human sexuality, political systems, sin, God and religion can be traced back to early Christian centuries.
    Fulfills: H in LS Core.
  
  • RTS 2425 - Pellegrinaggio in Italia: In Search of Augustinian Community

    Credits: 4
    This course is a study of St. Augustine of Hippo as well as an exploration of the origin of the Augustinians, the Religious Order which bears his name. Classes meet weekly during the semester, then students journey during spring break to Augustinian Italy to examine, first hand, sites of importance in Augustine’s life and in the origin and early history of the Augustinian friars and their involvement in medieval, renaissance, and modern European culture. This experience provides active, engaged learning and dialogue among a community of friends, and offers a number of inter-disciplinary opportunities. The course will enhance the student’s search for the wisdom that can result from a deeper understanding of self, others and God, the search which captivated the life of Augustine.
    Fulfills: AL and X in LS Core.
  
  • RTS 2450 - History of Christian Thought

    Credits: 4
    As a course in the history of ideas, there will be an investigation in depth of a theological idea, for example, God, Christ, humanity, etc, in the history of Christian thought and doctrine from the biblical period through to the present. The emphasis will be on how Catholic, Protestant, and Orthodox thinkers, responding to cultural influences in each historical period, developed Christian understandings of the selected theological idea in various times and cultures.
    Fulfills: H in LS Core.
  
  • RTS 2650 - Spirituality of Running

    Credits: 4
    This course investigates ways in which running can be used as a spiritual exercise. Students will examine the nature of spirituality in a variety of religions and cultures throughout history, and discover how running has been and can be used. Themes will include the existence of God and the nature of sanctuary, prayer, meditation, sacrament, and pilgrimage. Finally, students are encouraged to explore their own experience of running to see how this can assist them in becoming more authentic persons and how running can enhance their experience of the world around them, and of God.
    Prerequisite(s): The prospective student must demonstrate that he/she is a serious runner, and obtain permission of instructor.
    Fulfills: X in LS Core.
  
  • RTS 2700 - Science and Religion

    Credits: 4
    The purpose of this course is to introduce students to some of the main ways in which people have interpreted the interaction of science and religion, to help them understand some of the basic contours of the history of science and scientific method, and to give them an intellectual context in which they can explore ways of integrating science with a religious world-view. This will include discussion of topics such as scientific cosmology and the Bible, miracles and natural laws, as well as the pressing problems relating to ethics and the most current advances in science and technology - specifically in the area of healthcare ethics.
  
  • RTS 2800 - Social Ethics: Christian Perspectives

    Credits: 4
    An examination of the Christian sources and methodologies used for addressing social, political and economic issues peace, war, violence, economic justice, environmental justice, criminal justice, political justice, racism, sexism, homophobia and social justice). In particular, emphasis will be placed on the ethics of the Hebrew and Christian scriptures; Catholic social thought and how other religious traditions approach various issues of social justice. Students will be encouraged to explore the intersection of ethical theory and real-life issues of social injustice.
    Fulfills: E, D and X in LS Core.
  
  • RTS 2810 - Sex, Marriage, Family & Work

    Credits: 4
    This course explores Christian understandings of human sexuality, marriage, family, as well as career and work responsibilities. In addition to studying the theological foundations of these personal, relational, and social commitments, students will focus on multiple ethical perspectives and practices related to sexuality, marriage, family and work. Topics covered may include: reproductive choices, parenting, gender roles, divorce and remarriage, same- sex marriage, family management and decision-making, and the rights and duties of labor in and outside the home. Students will explore diverse approaches to these topics. The course will include biblical, traditional, and contemporary religious and philosophical perspectives.
    Fulfills: E in LS Core.
  
  • RTS 2820 - Bioethics & Healthcare: Theological Approaches

    Credits: 4
    This course considers medical and healthcare issues derived from new technologies and capabilities within the human sphere. Theological Bioethics aims to integrate the discipline of theology with the field of biomedical ethics to critically evaluate the goals of healthcare and practices associated with these goals. The course will involve an examination of the Theological sources and methods used for addressing biomedical and healthcare issues (e.g., End of Life Care, Physician Assisted Suicide, Abortion, Reproductive Technologies, Organ Donation, Genetics, and Social Justice concerns) in a contemporary context. In particular, emphasis will be placed on the ethics of the Hebrew and Christian scriptures, Christian moral tradition, and some nonreligious sources in their approach to a variety of issues facing the healthcare community. Attention will focus on foundations for religion, medicine, and spirituality as they intersect in care for the body and soul in the first half of the class while the second half of the course will turn to bioethical issues that involve religious and ethical discernment.
    Fulfills: E in LS Core.
  
  • RTS 2900 - Holocaust: Theology, Reality and Aftermath

    Credits: 4
    The course will identify the components of the Holocaust as well as those of any genocide paying particular attention to the historical development of antisemitism, especially within the Christian and Western contexts. Special attention will be given (as per the directive of the Holy See in implementing “We Remember”) to the examination of Christian and Western actions and attitudes during the Holocaust to try to determine how cognitive, moral and faith development operated when propaganda attempted to manipulate them for evil. Lastly, it will examine how we remember the lives of those lost and the lessons of the event. Three hours a week.
  
  • RTS 2950 - Ethics in the Abrahamic Tradition

    Credits: 4
    This course is an introduction to how the Abrahamic religious traditions (Judaism, Christianity and Islam) approach ethics both in theory and in practice. The course explores (1) the sources and methods of ethical reflection in each tradition including sacred texts and their interpretation, history, concepts of law, religious authority, role of conscience, role of reason and ethical principles (love, common good, freedom, etc.) and (2) a host of contemporary dilemmas currently under debate in these traditions (e.g. abortion, capital punishment, war and peace, biomedical ethics, sexual ethics). Attention will be paid to the consistencies and inconsistence within and between the “people of the book.”
    Fulfills: Second institutional requirement in religious and theological studies. E in LS Core.
  
  • RTS 2990 - Special Topics in Religious Studies

    Credits: 4
    This course will offer a focused study of selected topics of interest in Religious Studies.
    Fulfills: Second institutional requirement in Religious and Theological studies.
  
  • RTS 3030 - Humans, Earth, & the Sacred: Religion & the Environment

    Credits: 4
    This course surveys different religious traditions and their understandings of nature and human relations to other humans, animals, environment, and cosmos. In each case we will be looking at how those belief systems, or worldviews, result in particular attitudes that affect the environment and other humans by influencing human actions in relation to nature, and in turn how those actions (and thus the worldviews) affect humans, animals, plants, earth, and space, often in unintended ways, such as the way that those on the bottom of the socio-economic ladder suffer greater hardship and health issues such as exposure to pollution or toxins, environmental illnesses, and poorer food sources. Attention will be paid to power structures inherent in religious ways of understanding the roles of humans in relation to nature. Course requires site visits outside of class.
    Fulfills: D and X in LS Core.
  
  • RTS 3200 - God in the Hebrew Bible

    Credits: 4
    n selected biblical passages within their literary, historical, and cultural contexts. The course also introduces students to the hermeneutical complexities of reading texts that are regarded “sacred” in Judaism and Christianity but often stand in sharp contrast to doctrinal teachings about the divine. Discussions about the appropriations of these texts in contemporary religious, political, and academic discourses feature prominently.
  
  • RTS 3400 - American Catholicism

    Credits: 4
    The Catholic experience in the American environment from colonial times to the present. Analysis of the theological, cultural, social and political influences which have affected Catholicism.
    Fulfills: H in LS Core.
  
  • RTS 3600 - The Roman Catholic Church

    Credits: 4
    A systematic and interpretative study of the Church which explores the biblical and historical foundations of it nature, mystery and mission. An examination of the ways in which the Roman Catholic Church is affected by the structure and dynamics of society.
  
  • RTS 3610 - Sacramental Theology

    Credits: 4
    This course explores sacraments through examination of anthropological, theological perspectives. The human phenomena of word, symbol, ritual, myth and the theological perspective of God’s call and humanity’s response form the basis of investigation, providing rationale of why growth in spiritual life is inherent to personal joy and freedom. The study of historical origins, which gradually evolved into the contemporary rituals, will enlighten the deeper mystery and meaning of Catholicism’s seven sacraments. In addition, the course explores the ecumenical discussion on “sacrament” and recent studies including Protestant understanding and practice.
  
  • RTS 3620 - Theology of the Virgin Mary

    Credits: 4
    This course explores contemporary thinking on the Blessed Virgin Mary and its implications for interfaith dialogue, liberation, meaning of woman, and spirituality for the Christian. References to Mary in scripture and liturgy are also examined, as well as interdenominational theological approaches including the ecumenical dialogue on Mary, common sources of the first centuries, the Jewish Mary, goddess and mother images in other world religions, human rights and feminism, and a critical analysis of the meaning of apparitions and Marian prayer. 
  
  • RTS 3650 - Death and Dying in History, Religion, and Society

    Credits: 4
    This course examines the question “What happens when we die?” in conversation with the many individuals and cultures that have proposed answers to this and related questions. The course will investigate the ways religions and philosophies throughout history define and cope with the fact of death, as well as the scientific and religious study of near-death experiences, hauntings, and claims of communication with the dead. A final section examines treatments of death and the afterlife in popular culture such as literature, cinema, and TV.
  
  • RTS 3710 - Theology through Women’s Eyes

    Credits: 4
    Attentive both to women’s contributions to the Christian tradition and to views of women articulated in the Christian tradition, this course examines the significance of women’s experiences for theological and ethical reflection. It explores the implications of this for theological reflection on such topics as the human person, Christ, the Trinity, the Church and the liturgy as well as for ethical reflection on such topics as family, bioethics and social ethics.
    Fulfills: D and E in LS Core.
  
  • RTS 3750 - Christians and Jews: Conflicts and Reconciliations

    Credits: 4
    A Study and conversation about the history of Jewish-Christian relations: the origins of Christianity in Ancient Israel and its affinities with Judaism, the “parting of the ways, “the history of the “teaching of contempt,” of Judaism in ascendant Christianity, culminating in the 20th century in the Shoah, the Holocaust. Further study of historical and contemporary Jewish ethical, theological, spiritual and cultural richness, especially the centerpiece of Jewish ideals and practice Tikun Olam, the imperative to heal the world. (Current Israeli-Palestinian relations will be treated in this context). The course will also provide the opportunity to consider the nature of religion, the uses to which theological speech is sometimes put, and the importance in our time of embracing religious pluralism.
    Fulfills: D and E in LS Core.
  
  • RTS 3760 - Theology & History of Jewish-Christian-Muslim Relations

    Credits: 4
    This course considers the intertwined theologies and histories of the three “Abrahamic” Faiths: Judaism, Christianity and Islam, with a goal of fostering increased appreciation and understanding for all three traditions. It introduces the three Abrahamic Faiths and highlights some important theological issues that characterize and sometimes divide them, and also examines historical interactions between Judaism, Christianity and Islam.
    Fulfills: H in LS Core.
  
  • RTS 3780 - Charles Darwin, Evolution and Creationism

    Credits: 4
    This course is an investigation into the scientific history of the theory of biological evolution and will examine the religious and cultural impact of that theory over the past 150 years. Students will study the historical development of the theory of evolution through a study of the life and legacy of Charles Darwin, and examine the scientific and religious reaction that theory in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, as well as more recent reactions and developments, both scientific and religious.
    Fulfills: H in LS Core.
  
  • RTS 3900 - Women’s Voices in the Holocaust

    Credits: 4
    This course first examines the event of the Holocaust and its components, but then turns to the lives and stories of the women who lived in Europe during the Third Reich. Situating their experiences against women’s unique ways of knowing and behaving, the course employs sociological constructs to assist in understanding how women victims, bystanders and perpetrators endured this period of history.  It also explores how religious faith was either abandoned or deepened through their experiences and how it aided in many women’s survival.  Lastly, it investigates second generation voices of the “daughters of” those victims, bystanders and perpetrators as they try to understand their mother’s voices and lives.
  
  • RTS 4400 - St. Augustine Seminar

    Credits: 4
    ish of several of St. Augustine’s primary texts, including his Confessions. Major theological themes that emerge from these texts will also be studied in a seminar format that emphasizes reading, discussion and writing. The contemporary relevance of Augustinian spirituality and theology, as well as the influence of the Order of St. Augustine throughout Christian history will also be explored.
  
  • RTS 4800 - Directed Study

    Credits: 4
    In lieu of a formal course, qualified upper-class students may substitute an intensive program of reading under the direction of a member of the department. Normally, a student must possess a cumulative grade point average of not less than 3.00 and have completed three courses in religion and theological studies offered in traditional format.
  
  • RTS 4850 - Internship in Religious and Theological Studies

    Credits: 4
    The Internship in Ministry and Religious Education (MRE) is a semester-long opportunity for students who have declared a major in Religious and Theological Studies to engage in service in a parish, congregation, synagogue, or religiously affiliated secondary school, as well as in hospice and hospital pastoral care agencies. The IMRE has been created especially for students who wish to pursue professional careers in ministry and religious education or who intend to pursue academic careers in religious and theological studies.
    Fulfills: X in LS Core
  
  • RTS 4900 - Seminar in Religious & Theological Studies

    Credits: 4
    This course will be limited to ten junior and senior majors. The professor may make exceptions to this rule. This course is required for majors in religious and theological studies. The specific topic of the course is of the professor’s choosing. It is designed to serve as a capstone to the major and to expose students to the type of course one might encounter at the graduate level.

Sociology

  
  • SOC 1000 - The Sociological Imagination

    Credits: 4
    This course develops students’ sociological imaginations through the introduction of basic sociological concepts. In the process, students learn how social forces influence their everyday lives. Culture, social interaction, group dynamics, bureaucracy, socialization, deviance, crime, urbanization, collective behavior, and social change are some of the topics studied. The course also explores society’s institutions, such as the family, the political system, the economy, religion, education, and the medical system. A central focus of the course is understanding the nature of social inequality.
    Fulfills: SOSC requirement in LS Core.
  
  • SOC 1400 - Stress: A Social Psychological Perspective

    Credits: 4


    This course will analyze the causes, effects, and untapped possibilities of getting better at stress, individually and collectively.  As we draw on and fuse together insights from sociology, psychology, and health science, we will explore several key questions:

     

    What in our society - in our cultural beliefs/values, social norms, social practices, and social structures - has made the U.S. the most anxious, depressed, and distressed industrialized nation in the world?

    How does immense wealth inequality generate a toxic social environment that affects and infects our hearts, minds, and relationships?

    What can we do to hone our ability, as individuals and as a society, to more resourcefully, resiliently, and joyfully meet life’s challenges?

    How can we connect these timely issues to your questions and beliefs, your challenges and dreams?

     

  
  • SOC 1500 - Success and the American Dream

    Credits: 4
    For most people in the U.S., the answer to the question “What causes success?” is simple. They look within the individual for personal qualities and characteristics that give rise to achievement and success: genetic make-up, intelligence, ability, character, drive, etc. Sociologists, in sharp contrast, ask the following questions: What cultural beliefs shape how individuals pursue and measure success? What stereotypes, social processes, and social structures fuel different levels of accomplishment in individuals and between groups? What is the link between success, social identity, social inequality, and social justice? This interdisciplinary course will analyze ongoing debates about the nature of and misunderstood connections between success, happiness, intelligence, and ability.  We will study and apply theoretical insights and practical strategies from sociology, psychology, education, and neuroscience that strengthen achievement by maximizing effective learning and enhancing happiness. This course is based on the assumption that learning, at its best, opens minds, changes lives, and is fun.  Instead of analyzing abstract topics that are often hard to relate to, we will connect the ideas that we explore to our questions, beliefs, and dreams.
  
  • SOC 1600 - Happiness

    Credits: 4
    This interdisciplinary course will analyze the key sources of and debates about happiness.  As we explore possibilities of increasing happiness, individually and collectively, we will focus on the relationship between happiness and success, culture, motivation, social media, food, and exercise. This course is based on the assumption that learning, at its best, open minds, changes lives, and is fun.  Instead of analyzing abstract ideas that are often hard to relate to, we will constantly connect the issues we explore to your questions, beliefs, and dreams. 
  
  • SOC 1700 - Social Problems, Creative Solutions

    Credits: 4

    For most people in the U.S., the answer to the question “What causes social problems?” is simple. They look within individuals for personal qualities that lead to problems: personality traits, character flaws, free will, and other individual characteristics.  They ask the “Who questions”: Who caused it? Who is responsible? Who has a problem and who gets the blame?

    Sociologists, in sharp contrast, ask the “What questions” about social problems: What social structures, power relationships, and social processes contribute to widespread social problems such as crime or poverty?  What cultural beliefs, values, and norms encourage harmful behaviors such as violence, sexual assault, and alcohol/substance abuse? In short, what kind of society promotes persistent social problems, and what is the link, if any, between social problems, social inequality, and social injustice?

    This course will explore how some of the most pressing social problems in the U.S. - such as crime, violence, addiction, sexism, racism, class inequality, and heterosexism - are created by unequal power relationships, hierarchical social structures, and taken-for-granted cultural beliefs and social practices.

    This course is based on the assumption that learning, at its best, opens minds, changes lives, and is fun.  Instead of analyzing abstract ideas that are often hard to relate to, we will constantly connect the issues we explore to your questions, beliefs, and dreams.
    Fulfills: SOSC in LS Core

  
  • SOC 1800 - Tough Choices, Conflicting Values

    Credits: 4


    This course will analyze difficult decisions that most of us grapple with in the U.S. As we study works by sociologists, psychologists, and ethicists, we will explore how people wrestle with complex choices such as:

    • What fuels the epidemic of lying and cheating in classrooms, bedrooms, boardrooms, sports, medicine, and politics? How can you align your behaviors with your beliefs about honesty and morality?
    • When does the pursuit of wealth, status, and pleasure (from alcohol, drugs, digital technology, food, sex, etc.) conflict with caring for and staying connected to self and others? How do you discover your core values and live accordingly?
    • Why do many people who support “justice for all” sometimes, through words and deeds, disrespect or discriminate against females, people of color, LGBTQ folks, etc.?
    • What helps people to challenge cultural beliefs and resist social pressures that encourage us to cheat and mistreat others, and how can this ability be strengthened?

    The course is based on the assumption that learning, at its best, opens minds, changes lives, and is fun.  Instead of analyzing abstract ideas that are often hard to relate to, we will constantly connect the issues we explore to your questions, beliefs, and dreams.
    Fulfills: D in LS Core

  
  • SOC 1900 - Addictive Society

    Credits: 4

    This course will analyze why addiction, broadly conceived, is not the pathological state of a few, but has become a driving force in our culture and daily lives.  As we explore the complex links between addiction, culture, and social structure, we will use the sociological imagination to analyze: the rapid growth and harmful effects of addiction to substances, digital technologies, food, shopping, gambling, love, and sex; the social conditions and cultural beliefs fueling addictive behaviors in the U.S.; and the personal and social changes needed to reverse the alarming escalation of addictive behaviors. The course is based on the assumption that learning, at its best, opens minds, changes lives, and is fun.  Instead of analyzing abstract ideas that are often hard to relate to, we will constantly connect the issues we explore to your questions, beliefs, and dreams.

  
  • SOC 2000 - Social Inequality - Class, Gender, and Race

    Credits: 4
    This course examines the most important bases of inequality in contemporary society: social class, race/ethnicity, and gender. These categories determine the distribution of social resources, shape people’s experiences, and influence interactions with others, often in ways that we cannot immediately recognize. A more complete understanding of the issues related to these categories will give you greater insight into some of the most significant contemporary social problems.
    Fulfills: SOSC and D requirements in LS Core.
  
  • SOC 2050 - Social Work

    Credits: 4
    This course is designed to introduce students to the broad field of social work. Students who take this course become competent in the multi-disciplinary foundation of social work including values and ethics, diversity, populations-at-risk, social and economic justice, human behavior and the social environment, social welfare policy and services and social work practice. Special attention is given to services for children and families, people with disabilities, gays and lesbians, the elderly, people with addiction and/or mental illness, and individuals in the criminal justice system. In addition, students are introduced to the various methods that social workers use including casework, group work and community organization.
    Fulfills: SOSC requirement in LS Core.
  
  • SOC 3000 - Social Theory

    Credits: 4
    This course examines the classic origins of sociological thought in response to the emergence and conditions of modernity as found in the writings of Karl Marx, Emile Durkheim and Max Weber. Students will also explore the ideas and writings of contemporary theorists responsible for Conflict theory, Structural-Functionalism and Symbolic- Interaction.  
    Prerequisite(s): SOC 1000  or consent of the instructor.
    Fulfills: SOSC in LS Core.
  
  • SOC 3100 - Research Methods

    Credits: 4
    An introduction to the research methods employed in sociology. The course examines the nature of science, causality, research ethics, and how to conduct a literature review. Students will gain hands-on experience with the most important methods of data collection, sampling, variable measurement, and analysis. Upon completion of this course students will produce an original piece of sociological research.
    Prerequisite(s): SOC 1000  or consent of the instructor.
    Fulfills: SOSC requirement in LS Core.
 

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